MemorialCare Cancer Institute at:
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer forms in the tissues of the lining of the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach at the beginning of the digestive system. There are two types of esophageal cancer, adenocarcinoma, found at the lower part of the esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma, found in the upper part of the esophagus.
Symptoms
Esophageal cancer usually does not show symptoms, some late stage symptoms may include:- Difficulty swallowing.
- Pain when swallowing.
- Pain in the throat, chest or back.
- Weight loss.
- Hoarse throat.
Causes & Prevention
The causes of esophageal cancer are unknown. You can reduce your risk for esophageal cancer by not smoking or drinking alcohol, by having a good diet, and by getting plenty of exercise.
Risk Factors
You are at a greater risk for esophageal cancer if you:- Are over the age of 40.
- Are male.
- Are African American.
- Smoke or are exposed to smoke.
- Drink alcohol heavily.
- Drink very hot liquids frequently.
- Consume a diet low in fruits and vegetables.
- Are overweight.
- Have heartburn or Barrett esophagus (acid reflux).
Diagnosis
After a physical exam and blood tests, a diagnostic image called esophagram—an X-ray taken just after drinking barium solution—can be taken to view the esophagus to detect signs of cancer. An endoscopy, a tiny light tube can also be used to look at the esophagus. A biopsy may be taken so that a pathologist can examine tissue from the esophagus under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
Staging
If cancer is diagnosed and before treatment begins, additional tests are performed to determine the stage of the cancer and to see if it has spread to other parts of the body.
Treatments
MemorialCare’s experienced team of oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and surgeons conduct roundtable discussions (tumor boards) of newly diagnosed patients to make recommendations for the best course of treatment.
